5 Strategies for Supporting English Language Learners at Different Stages of Acquisition
English language learners (ELLs) come from diverse backgrounds and have a wide range of proficiency levels. To effectively support these students, it's important to understand where they are in the language acquisition process and tailor your instruction accordingly. Here are five strategies you can use to support ELLs at different stages of acquisition:
Pre-production: At this stage, ELLs are just beginning to learn English. They are usually not yet able to speak or understand the language, but they can respond to simple commands and questions through gestures and facial expressions. To support ELLs at this stage, use visual aids, such as pictures and real-life objects, to help them understand new vocabulary and concepts. For example, if you're teaching the word "pen," you might show the students a picture of a pen and say the word while pointing to the object.
Early production: At this stage, ELLs are starting to use simple English phrases and sentences. They are still largely reliant on visual cues and gestures, but they can begin to respond to basic questions and make simple statements. To support ELLs at this stage, use repetition and scaffolding to help them build their vocabulary and grammar. For example, you might provide sentence frames for students to fill in, such as "The ____ is red," or "I see a ____."
Speech emergence: At this stage, ELLs are becoming more comfortable using English and can carry on simple conversations. They are starting to understand more complex language and are able to express their thoughts and ideas with increasing fluency. To support ELLs at this stage, provide opportunities for them to practice their speaking skills in a supportive environment. Encourage them to ask questions, share their thoughts, and participate in class discussions.
Intermediate fluency: At this stage, ELLs have a good understanding of English and can communicate effectively in a variety of situations. They are able to understand most of what they hear and read, and can express themselves clearly and accurately. To support ELLs at this stage, provide opportunities for them to use English in more complex and authentic contexts. For example, you might assign a research project, or have them write an essay on a topic of interest.
Advanced fluency: At this stage, ELLs are proficient in English and have a strong understanding of the language. They can communicate effectively in a variety of situations and have a good grasp of idiomatic expressions and figurative language. To support ELLs at this stage, provide opportunities for them to refine their language skills and challenge them to think critically. For example, you might discuss a current event or complex text in class.
In summary, Supporting English Language Learners at different stages of acquisition can be challenging. However, by tailoring instruction to students' proficiency levels and using strategies such as visual aids, scaffolding, and authentic opportunities for practice, teachers can effectively support ELLs at each stage of language acquisition.
